Skin factor and potential formation damage from chemical and mechanical processes in a naturally fractured carbonate aquifer with implications to CO2 sequestration

In this study, we investigate formation damage due to acidization and water injection tests into the naturally fractured carbonate Middle Duperow Formation at Kevin Dome, Montana, potentially diminishing chance of a future successful Geological Carbon Sequestration (GCS) project. Multiple well-test analytical models, correlated with core description lithology data, are used determine flow behavior communication between interval surrounding formations. An improved three-dimensional (3D) geologic model dual-continuum matrix fracture properties is constructed based on most recent seismic, core, sample measurements. Brine simulated verify interpretation from followed by CO2 simulation. Geochemical calculations performed understand in-situ processes that led damage. Our findings suggest: (1) there two possible scenarios could lead positive total effective skin factor permeability decline: partial penetration damage; (2) models indicate factor, contradicting results previous study suggesting well was mildly stimulated; (3) numerical simulation supports hypothesis matching pressure buildup observed during latter brine tests; (4) several mechanical chemical may have occurred clog matrix/fracture system: anhydrite fines migration and/or calcite precipitation. We then make preventative suggestions for GCS projects reservoirs remediation recommendations operation Dome.